A coalition in a graph G = (V, E) consists of two disjoint sets V1 and V2 of vertices, such that neither V1 nor V2 is a dominating set, but the union V1 , V2 is a dominating set of G. A coalition partition in a graph G of order n = |V| is a vertex partition π,= {V1, V2, …, , Vk} such that every set Vi either is a dominating set consisting of a single vertex of degree n-1, or is not a dominating set but forms a coalition with another set Vj. Associated with every coalition partition π,of a graph G is a graph called the coalition graph of G with respect to π, , denoted CG(G,π, ), the vertices of which correspond one-to-one with the sets V1,V2,…, , Vk of π,and two vertices are adjacent in CG(G,π,) if and only if their corresponding sets in π,form a coalition. In this paper, we initiate the study of coalition graphs and we show that every graph is a coalition graph.

After the 53rd World Health Assembly in the year 2000, the significance of chronic noncommunicable diseases such as chronic respiratory disorders prompted the formation of a coalition under the supervision of World Health Organization and the cooperation and collaboration of related stakeholders. In this respect, 4 meetings were held during the years 2001-2004 leading to the formation of a coalition of medical federations, organizations and associations called the "Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases" abbreviated GARD…

Strategic coalition is a model for Regional Development and New Regionalism. in this process, Multinational corporation has basic role for Economic partnership with national and regional countries. This trend have been for in Formed Free Trade Association situation.Regional organizations and frameworks can help determine the perceived regional and global development. Global framework activities is on all level; macro – Regional, trans regional and global. It has been the growth of bilateral agreement.This complexity increasingly coherent in regional economic and social co operation, and hence it is some times difficult to disaggregate the regional from the global. Financial and trade world framework impact on the structure and general development of the global system in varions way. For example, the deeping of ast asian regionalism over recent years has significantly contributed to the global trend of regionalism.

The coalition in a graph consists of two disjoint sets of vertices and , neither of which is a dominating set but whose union , is a dominating set. A coalition partition in a graph is a vertex partition = such that every set is not a dominating set but forms a coalition with another set which is not a dominating set. The coalition number equals the maximum of a coalition partition of . In this paper, we compute the coalition numbers of all cubic graphs of order at most .

The Imamiya jurisprudents, like the infallible Imams, rarely gained the opportunity to take the helm of the government and the Islamic society to directly or indirectly rule over the society. Nevertheless, at some stages a few jurisprudents had the opportunity to take the helm of the government. Perhaps among the renowned Imamiya jurisprudents, four famous jurisprudents were in one way or another in contact with the government and also enjoyed some administrative positions of their time and played an official role in the legislation of the laws and institutionalization of the Islamic government of their time. The said jurisprudents were among the antecedents at the time of the Islamic caliphate system or when a royal government was established in the Islamic society. This research is an attempt to chronologically review their personalities and their tasks. Finally, Imam Khomeini’s status among the said jurisprudents will be explained

The author tries to explain one of the most important issues regarding Islamic ruling system which is "identification and clarification of Islamic ruling system's objectives". Explaining the root of these objectives, he divides them into two categories; long term objectives and midterm objectives. Then he examines each of them.He finally concludes that although objectives of Islamic ruling system are theoretically separate, they are undetachably intertwined. In other words, all of them should be achieved together.This discussion not only represents the inherent distinction and independence of this type of system compared to other systems but it can also provide a guideline for government officials and contribute to the development and progress paradigms for a religious government.

After the Cold war ended, one of the approaches discussed in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is looking to the East. The Islamic Republic of Iran has devoured to supply part of its political purposes using this new approach, to avoid the uni-polarization of International System’ s Structure after the Cold war. Although over the past two decades, the dynamics of Russian-Iranian relations have seemed unstable and, to a certain extent, unpredictable for other players in the international arena; Iran’ s diplomatic system attracted its special attention to Russia, while this country is identified as a new hegemonic power in the International System with its power matrix on the rise and it is going to be more powerful in different economic, political influence and material dimensions. Iran has tried via progressive contribution with this international center power to supply part of its national goals in regional and international levels. Reciprocally, Iran is of particular importance to Russia as a regional partner, especially in countering U. S. penetration into the Middle East. One of the most important factors currently influencing the dynamic of Russian– Iranian relations is the Syrian Crisis with the United States, the European Union and the other regional power countries at its opposite end. The Method utilized in this research is descriptive analytical and the Structural Realism model theory was used in data analysis.

Saudi Arabia's military invasion of Yemen has been a turning point in Yemen's internal developments, which have met with a variety of international reactions, including rejection or approval. Examining these positions is not the main subject and purpose of writing this article. This article does not deal with the reasons for these stances and reactions with a normative view, but tries to examine the why and how of alliances and conflicts on the issue of Yemen, the possibility of an alliance between Iran and Russia, with an approach. Explain realistically. Surveys show that each of the three countries, Iran, Russia and the United States, have different positions in the Saudi military attack on Yemen; In a way that the United States has been an ally and supporter of Saudi Arabia, Iran has been an opponent of Saudi Arabia in Yemen and has condemned its military attack. But Russia has not taken any serious support from either side by taking a pragmatic approach. Now, given that Saudi Arabia and the United States share common views on regional issues, including Yemen, the question arises that this relationship can be generalized to Iran and Russia in the case of Yemen? In answer to this question, the hypothesis is that Russia's macro-foreign policy approach and Yemen's strategic position and previous unsuccessful experiences of Russia's interaction with the United States have paved the way for an Iran-Russia alliance. In this article, while using documentary sources, qualitative comparative research method has been used.

Special mathematical techniques have been developed in order to analyze conflict-competition situations. Game theory provides a formal analytical framework with a set of mathematical tools to study the complex intersections among rational players (Osborne, 2004). Several approaches have been produced to the Portfolio selection problem, which became popular among researchers with the article of Harry M. Markowitz, published in Journal of finance in 1952, which occupies an essential place in the literature. Canonical Coalition Game Theory is among these approaches. In this paper the optimality of a portfolio partnership which will be created by each player’s strategies (stocks) with identical targets but different Beta capabilities will be examined first with a zero-sum game and then with establishing a coalition among different Beta groups (players). The obtained optimal gain will be distributed to each stock using Shapley vector. As a result the performance of the model’s portfolio was positive and better than market performance which resulted negative return during testing period.